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Life on Venus
The speculation of the existence of life on Venus decreased significantly since the early 1960s, when spacecraft began studying Venus and it became clear that the conditions on Venus are extreme.
The fact that Venus is located closer to the Sun than Earth, raising temperatures on the surface to nearly , the atmospheric pressure is 90 times that of Earth, and the extreme impact of the greenhouse effect, make life as we know it unlikely. However, a few scientists have speculated that thermoacidophilic extremophile microorganisms might exist in the lower-temperature, acidic upper layers of the Venusian atmosphere.〔(Acidic clouds of Venus could harbour life ). ''New cientist''. Stuart Clark, May 2004.〕〔(Venus clouds 'might harbour life' ). ''BBC News'', Martin Redfern. 25 May, 2004〕
==Historical views==
In 1870, the British astronomer Richard Proctor said the possibility of existence of life on Venus was impossible near its equator,〔Proctor, Richard A., ''Other Worlds Than Ours: The Plurality of Worlds Studied Under the Light of Recent Scientific Researches''. New York : J.A. Hill and Co., 1870. s. 94.〕 but possible near its poles. The Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius, who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1903, described Venus in 1918 as a green and wet planet where life would be similar to that of the Carboniferous period on Earth.
Since the late 1950s, increasingly clear evidence from various space probes showed Venus has an extreme climate, with a greenhouse effect generating a constant temperature of about 500 °C on the surface. The atmosphere contains sulfuric acid clouds and the atmospheric pressure at the surface is 90 bar, almost 100 times that of Earth and similar to that of more than deep in Earth's oceans. In such environment, and given the increasingly hostile characteristics of the Venusian weather, the chances of life are excluded totally from the surface of Venus. However, there are still some opinions in favor of such a possibility in the atmosphere.〔( Venus as a Natural Laboratory for Search of Life in High Temperature Conditions: Events on the Planet on March 1, 1982 ), L. V. Ksanfomality, published in (''Astronomicheskii Vestnik'', Vol. 46, No. 1, 2012 ).〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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